Quantitative Data Analysis Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 3000 words

Quantitative Data Analysis - Essay Example Below the introduction, the report provides a brief overview of the data used, including a statement on the adequacy, and the implications of this factor. Using the Statistical Package for the Social Sciences (SPSS), the study further explored specific features of the data used, including highlights on frequencies and descriptive statistics. Two extra variables (â€Å"the total number of health conditions that a doctor ever told an ELSA respondent they have or have had† and â€Å"prevalence of disabilities that limit activities†) were developed in SPSS and used for further analysis of the variations in heart conditions and correlation between income health statuses. Multivariate regression of depression scores and severity of disability was then performed as the last bit of analysis. A summary of the health statuses of the older people in England was provided just before the list of references that preceded the appendix (comprising syntax files obtained through the SPSS ). The data used to compile this report was obtained from the English Longitudinal Study of Ageing (ELSA). ELSA is an interdisciplinary resource for data pertaining to health, economic wellbeing and quality of life as people in England age (The Institute for Fiscal Studies, 2011). The data collected usually represents persons aged 50 years and above. The Institute for Fiscal Studies explains that the sample from which the data is obtained is representative of the English population falling within the recommended age bracket. This implies that the organisation takes time to calculate a sample size that would be both financially viable to reach as well as one that is not too small to represent the qualities under investigation (Lavrakas, 2008). Additionally, the results obtained from the representative sample have the added advantage of increased ease of generalization to the entire population that it was obtained from.

Don Haskins on Racism Essay Example for Free

Don Haskins on Racism Essay The final buzzer rang off in Maryland’s Cole Field House basketball court. Many watched a game of Texas Western Miners and Kentucky Wildcats on March 19th, 1966, and yet most didn’t realize they just witnessed sports ethics redefine itself. It was a championship, an all or nothing statement for the players of Texas Western. The coach of the Miners, Don Haskins, had just won the NCAA title with five African American starters. They won a mere sports game, but it would prove to be much more than that. A hero of integration, Haskins revolutionized college basketball by the way he indentified a player, by skill and not color. The 1960’s was a time of many cultural controversies that aspired to what America is today. It was not only about Vietnam, the hippie escapades, or the latest eight-track of the Beatles. The decade has been dubbed the civil rights era. Culture was starting to see African American integration from the help of civil rights leaders such as Martin Luther King Jr. and Rosa Parks. However not all heroes are recognized immediately, and Don Haskins, whether he planned it or not, helped pave the way to equality in sports. Before Haskins started to coach at Texas Western, the college recruited and played African Americans when it was typical for teams to have full-white roster and oppose integration into basketball (Schecter, 1998). No one imagined the day when five blacks would start at a pre-dominantly white college. Many whites actually did not want to have African Americans on their team at all in fear that it would cause integration through all civil aspects. Frank. Fritzpatrick, author of And the Walls Came Tumbling Down, concurs, â€Å"When Negroes and whites meet on the athletic fields on a basis of complete equality, it is only natural that this sense of equality carries into the daily living of these people† (1999). Once they got on the court, the blacks were still held back and treated unfairly. One of the seven black Miner players, Harry Flournoy, stated â€Å"All the best players on the team were black, but there was this unspoken rule that no more than three blacks could play at once. It was rough, but that’s the way it was† (Schecter, 1998). However, once Haskins came to Texas Western he followed its footsteps of recruiting black players; he sought out only the best players while ignoring the color of the players’ skin. Gathering players around the country, Haskins found skilled African Americans such as David Lattin, Harry Flournoy, and the five other players of 1966 title game. Fitzpatrick explains â€Å"they wound up being the core players for a basketball backwater team from El Paso that would force the all-white team from â€Å"pedigreed Kentucky† to crack† (1999). For four years, Haskins coached the Miners and played black players. With the fifth season being wildly successful, Haskins struck awe in white crowds as he started all black players in the championship. I remember walking out that night listening to the Kentucky fans saying, We have to get some of them,' today’s Maryland coach Gary Williams said. Thats what they called the black players ‘them’ but they had to admit that they could play. Haskins changed the game of basketball when he started those five black players. Whether he knew that it was going to change civil rights from then on, he played them to prove Kentucky Coach Adolph Rupp wrong. â€Å"Coach Haskins told us that Rupp has said in a press conference before the game that five black players couldn’t defeat five white players. Coach Haskins decided only the African American players would play that night, said Litten. † (Championing Divsersity, 2006). Contrary to the public eye, Haskins stated I wasnt trying to make a statement, he often said about beating Kentucky. I was trying to win a game. However, Feinstein argues, â€Å" of course he was trying to make a statement. But Haskins had made it long before that night. Hed made it when he got to Texas Western in 1961 and began recruiting black players from everywhere† (2008). Some believe that night did not move Americans until it was brought up years later. Lattin just wanted to win a title, but neither he nor Haskins could have guessed it would help alter history. It never seemed to cross their minds until approached later as addressed in this newspaper article, â€Å" ‘it wasn’t a big, overwhelming event until years later when people looked back and said it was the sports equivalent of the board of education decision. The racial connotations and overtones weren’t really played out all that much at the time but I still think it was one of the most notable games I ever covered’, said photographer Rick Clarkson. †(Championing Diversity, 2006). With there being truth in what Clarkson said, it did not take until the event’s movie, Glory Road, for integration to ensue in the NCAA. Haskins and the Miners pushed the motion ever further that March night. â€Å"If you want to get down to the facts, we were more white-oriented than any of the other teams. We played the most intelligent, the most boring, and the most disciplined game of them all† (Fitzpatrick, 1999). No one could have said it better then the Miner’s Willie Worsley. They deserved the title. Haskins set out to be a basketball coach, not a hero. He recruited the best players he could find, knowing others would object their presence, but didnt care. Haskins wanted to win.

Essay --

3) How France Stacks Up Against Newer Fashion Empires The Global Language Monitor (GLM) is a media-analytics company based out of Texas, which studies language usage from the internet, blogs, news media, and social media platforms to deliver the trending topics from across the globe. Each year, the Global Language Monitor produces a list of the Top Fashion Capitals in the world. According to the 2014 Global Language Monitor survey, New York City is the year’s fashion capital of the world until the stats are reevaluated at next season’s fashion weeks. The difference between New York City and Paris was only five percent, which is the smallest difference GLM has seen. Simply because the 2014 survey shows the top four as New York City, Paris, London, and Los Angeles does not mean that all of these cities are now considered to be part of the esteemed â€Å"Big Four.† The â€Å"Big Four† is a title given to the top fashion empires of the world and has remained consistent for many years. Each of these cities, have strong presences in fashion in the present, and also have rich histories of fashion, but with vastly different and unique qualities. Aside from Paris, the â€Å"Big Four† fashion capitals of the world are comprised of Milan, London and New York City. New York City, United States has the quickest growing fashion scene, with almost 7,000 recognized fashion designers, and annual sales of over $14 billion. The city’s role in fashion can be traced back to the early 20th century with the introduction and growth of the Garment District. This was an area in Manhattan with a very dense concentration of tailors, couturiers, boutiques and departments stores. The small district was where many famous American designers like Halston, Marc Jacobs, Ve... ... historical centers of cutting-edge design and to the large markets, related industries, and global affluence found in these two superstar cities (Florida, R. and Johnson, S).† Although there have been a few years Paris has lost its number one spot as fashion capital, overall it is still considered the Fashion Empire of the world. This is credited to its long history, adaptability, and innovations in the industry. Vanessa Freidman from the Global Language Monitor says, â€Å"Paris, with the Top Haute Couture ranking, of course has a centuries-long heritage, having invented the very concept, also scored highly in the pret-a-porter category.† In addition, French designers are known for creating some of the most iconic and classic designs of all time, styles like the Little Black Dress by Chanel and the pantsuit by Yves Saint Laurent will never cease to be wardrobe staples. Essay -- 3) How France Stacks Up Against Newer Fashion Empires The Global Language Monitor (GLM) is a media-analytics company based out of Texas, which studies language usage from the internet, blogs, news media, and social media platforms to deliver the trending topics from across the globe. Each year, the Global Language Monitor produces a list of the Top Fashion Capitals in the world. According to the 2014 Global Language Monitor survey, New York City is the year’s fashion capital of the world until the stats are reevaluated at next season’s fashion weeks. The difference between New York City and Paris was only five percent, which is the smallest difference GLM has seen. Simply because the 2014 survey shows the top four as New York City, Paris, London, and Los Angeles does not mean that all of these cities are now considered to be part of the esteemed â€Å"Big Four.† The â€Å"Big Four† is a title given to the top fashion empires of the world and has remained consistent for many years. Each of these cities, have strong presences in fashion in the present, and also have rich histories of fashion, but with vastly different and unique qualities. Aside from Paris, the â€Å"Big Four† fashion capitals of the world are comprised of Milan, London and New York City. New York City, United States has the quickest growing fashion scene, with almost 7,000 recognized fashion designers, and annual sales of over $14 billion. The city’s role in fashion can be traced back to the early 20th century with the introduction and growth of the Garment District. This was an area in Manhattan with a very dense concentration of tailors, couturiers, boutiques and departments stores. The small district was where many famous American designers like Halston, Marc Jacobs, Ve... ... historical centers of cutting-edge design and to the large markets, related industries, and global affluence found in these two superstar cities (Florida, R. and Johnson, S).† Although there have been a few years Paris has lost its number one spot as fashion capital, overall it is still considered the Fashion Empire of the world. This is credited to its long history, adaptability, and innovations in the industry. Vanessa Freidman from the Global Language Monitor says, â€Å"Paris, with the Top Haute Couture ranking, of course has a centuries-long heritage, having invented the very concept, also scored highly in the pret-a-porter category.† In addition, French designers are known for creating some of the most iconic and classic designs of all time, styles like the Little Black Dress by Chanel and the pantsuit by Yves Saint Laurent will never cease to be wardrobe staples.

Technolgy and Bullying

Technology and Bullying BY beverage Thesis Statement Cyber Bullying is the modern way to bully. Cyber Bullying is a growing issue in America. Cyber Bullying affects both genders and all culture groups. Due to the onset of suicides and homicides America is taking a stand against cyber bullying. Introduction/Body Peer to peer bullying has been going on for quite some time. My mother use to tell me â€Å"sticks and stones may break your bones, but names will never hurt me† .Even then I am not sure that I totally agreed with her. Now as an adult In today's society, I am sure I do not agree. The times have changed since new technology has made it possible for young people to bully one another without even having to be face to face. Teens often turn devices into â€Å"weapons† through the use of social networking websites, chat rooms and text messaging Just to name a few. Through these devices they call each other names, belittle, video and threaten kids to in some cases the point of suicide.Since the onset of Cyber Bullying a word named cybercafà © has been created to depict the epidemic of suicides related to Cyber Bullying (Belles 2004). Element of he Pew Internet and American Life Survey in 2006 stated that girls are more likely to be cyber bullied then boys. Element further stated that girls between the ages of 15-17 years old are at the most risk of cyber bullying. Lastly Element found that 50% of all social network users have been cyber bullied and as little as 10% have report the crime to their parents.Wesley Fryer of the Texas Computer Associations describes cyber buying as impersonating and constant blobbing of a person. Fryer further states that most cyber bullies have no idea the harm the they are doing a simple parent intervention old stop the bullying without further intervention. Fryer further states the massive media attention and strict penalties of repeater offenders of Cyber Bullying is sure to restore trust in the online community p ertaining to adolescents.In conclusion the evidence shows that cyber bulling is a problem which needs to be addressed by the parent and the public at large to be deterred. I believe it's important to be educated about Cyber Belling because it will help deter bullying from happening, it will also show bullies Just what reactions they are causing to the victims notionally, and will show kids who are being bullied that it is k to talk to an adult about it.

Prewriting for the Process Analysis Essay

Whoever said life was going to be easy, the sooner everyone learns that the better off they will be. Life in itself is very stressful, but when you throw in being a wife, mother, student and employee it’s almost too much to bear. In order to deal with everything I must do I have a calendar with everything on it and how much time needs to be spent. Now, where should I begin? I’m a wife and therefore I must make sure my husband has clean work clothes and food for work. We all know how men don’t like to do their own laundry or cook.At least my husband doesn’t like to. Don’t get me started on trying to keep my house clean with him and my animals, it’s like a tornado hits this place just about every other day. Dirty dishes, clothes, cat toys, food, cat litter anything you can just about think of. I also feed and clean up after the animals; I have five cats inside, two chameleons, and a cat outside. I must wake up every morning at 7 AM to feed them . I’m their mother now so they all depend on me. If all that is not enough I must also work for a living.I clean a local movie theater in my town. I’ll tell you right now, if everything I deal with at home isn’t stressful enough when I get to work and walk through those doors the stress slaps me in the face. I just don’t understand how people can be so nasty. The restrooms are another story, they are so gross. I have never realized how dirty and inconsiderate people really are and that makes my life stressful when I have to pick up after all them. With all that being said I how could I possibly find any time to do my school work but I always seem to do it.It’s very hard to do daily things then try and set down to do homework, especially the section I’m doing now with writing. I get so stressed out because I get very aggravated when I try and write because I’m not good at it. It seems to take me forever to get it done and that makes me just want to throw the pen and paper down and quit. But I seem to figure out a way to get it done and not go insane in the process. I’m not totally sure if there is a solid way to cope with stress but there are many ways to try and manage it.When life seems to get too stressful or even out of control I will go outside and walk around while taking in fresh air to try and clear my head. I have picked up a nasty little habit a long time ago, I know it’s not good and I need to quit but it’s hard and it seems to really help in stressful times and of course this is none other than smoking. I guess it’s really just a matter of what kind of stress and how bad it is. Sometimes I turn everything off and turn on the radio and just lie on the bed and listen to the music.Sometimes if it’s just bad enough I will end up crying and yes it sounds like a child but is seems to unleash the stress and wash it away as if its water in a bath tub when the plug gets taken out. Regardless of the situation I pull myself together before it gets out of hand. So many responsibilities every day is a bit tough, but there is always a way to do everything. The way I get everything done is just having a plan for each specific thing . Whoever said life was going to be easy, the sooner everyone learns that the better off they will be.First thing, I must take care of my family/home life. There are a lot of things that must be done when it comes to my home responsibilities. I must make sure my house is nice and clean, we all know it’s not very pleasant living in a dirty home. With that I have to wash dishes, clean the bathrooms and put things away. Make sure everything is put up in the right places, make all beds up and vacuum all floors then sweep and mop. I got to gather all dirty clothes and get them done then there is the outside to deal with.I always make sure the outside of my house is nice and neat, I don’t like to have my house looking like a bunch of wild animals live here. I keep my yard mowed; everything put up and kept in order. We burn wood so I make sure there is wood cut and split and stacked up out at the tree and I make sure to wood stack is neat and stacked well and covered up away from the weather. Next I must tend to my children that are the kind of non-human kind. That’s a whole task in itself; I believe that it’s probably harder than dealing with human children. They make things very stressful; they meow over and over like it’s going out of style.I got to feed them and when that time comes you better make sure you watch out cause they all come running through the house all at once because they know what time it is and if you’re in their path they will knock you over like a pack of hungry wolves. I got to make sure their bathroom is clean and make sure the cats outside are feed and taken care of to. Then I have to turn my attention to my chameleons, I have to make sure they have water because they don’t drink water out of a dish so I have to do it out of a spray bottle or they will die.I have to make sure they got bugs in their cages so they can eat. I have a lot of things to do on a daily basis, it get tough and very stressful so I have to make sure I plan everything down to the last thing because I would never have the time to do everything. I have a small window of time after I take care of my animals to do some school work so I try and buckle down and do as much as possible. Sometimes the lessons are hard but I got to try and clear all the stuff out of my head from everything else I have had to do and just try my best.When work time comes around I get ready and head out the door. I have to clean the movie theater. There are seven theaters, two bathrooms, two hallways and one lobby; the place is pretty big and I do all this by myself. When all this is done I go back home and weather I’m tired or not I sit down and do more school work. When times are stressful I stop and pull myself together and calm down. When we get stressed out and just want to quit just to let the stress away, but weather you know it or not calming yourself down and working through it to get everything done is very much worth it.

Capitalizing the Elements of a Compound Word in a Title

Capitalizing the Elements of a Compound Word in a Title Capitalizing the Elements of a Compound Word in a Title Capitalizing the Elements of a Compound Word in a Title By Maeve Maddox A reader asks about the capitalization of this title: â€Å"We Should Be People-oriented†: In this book I’m editing, there are many such [compounds], all with the second element uncapped. I looked for but didn’t find it in the CMS [The Chicago Manual of Style]. Is there a rule on this? It looks incomplete to me! The question of whether to capitalize the second element of a compound word in a title is one of style. Different style guides recommend different usage. Compare the following pairs: Surviving the Top Ten Challenges of Software Testing: A People-Oriented Approach Studying individual Development in An Interindividual Context: A Person-oriented Approach Anti-feminism in the Academy Anti-Intellectualism in American Life Capital in the Twenty-First Century Wealth and Power: Chinas Long March to the Twenty-first Century Neruda: Concerto in E-flat for Trumpet Strings Piano Concerto No. 1 in E-Flat Major The Chicago Manual of Style addresses the question of hyphenating the second element of a compound in a title in paragraph 8:159. 1. Capitalize the second element of a compound in a title UNLESS it’s an article, a preposition, a coordinating conjunction (and, but, for, or, nor) or a modifier like sharp or flat after a musical key: Surviving the Top Ten Challenges of Software Testing: A People-Oriented Approach Neruda: Concerto in E-flat for Trumpet Strings 2. If the first element of the compound is merely a prefix or combining form (like anti-, pre-, etc.) that cannot stand by itself as a word, do not capitalize the second element of the compound UNLESS it’s a proper noun or proper adjective: Anti-feminism in the Academy Cane Fires: The Anti-Japanese Movement in Hawaii, 1865-1945 3. Capitalize the second element in a hyphenated spelled-out number like twenty-one or twenty-first: Capital in the Twenty-First Century Two-Thirds of a Ghost Note: The third rule reflects a change in Chicago style. Here’s what the latest edition has to say: â€Å"This departure from previous Chicago recommendations recognizes the functional equality of the numbers before and after the hyphen.† Related posts: Up Style and Down Style Exceptions for Hyphenating Compound Adjectives Want to improve your English in five minutes a day? Get a subscription and start receiving our writing tips and exercises daily! Keep learning! Browse the Style category, check our popular posts, or choose a related post below:36 Adjectives Describing LightRunning Amok or Running Amuck?Artist vs. Artisan

Jim Morrison Biography Speech Essays

Jim Morrison Biography Speech Essays Jim Morrison Biography Speech Paper Jim Morrison Biography Speech Paper He is now part of the many ranks of amazing musicians that died young, most of whom you will recognize, such as, Elvis Presley, John Lennox, Whitney Huston and Michael Jackson, and the more prestigious 27 Club, along with Jell Hendrix and Kurt Cobalt. And most recently. Amy Whininess. I found a great affinity In this band long before I knew who Jim Morrison was, or what he had done, and once I knew this mans story, it has unlocked the poetical mysteries in his lyrical melodies, and I have an even deeper love for The Doors music. This man also introduced me to some feat poets and philosophers I would never have read, such as Nietzsche philosophies, or Armbands poetry, which fuelled Morrison thirst for knowledge at a young age. At school, Morrison excelled at the verbal arts, filling his schoolbooks with poetry and writings way above his age, and did his book reviews on weird and fantastical and old volumes, such as ones about 16th century demons in England, and other mysterious titles. After school, he drifted around, then moved to Los Angels and enrolled at UCLA but spent most of his time at Venice Beach in California, using drugs, LSI was his favorite, and partying and getting horribly drunk. He was studying film at the university, and all his practical pieces of film were over-conceptualized and post-modern, which went flying over the heads of the professors who subsequently failed him. But he retook the course much to his fathers dislike, and then later passed the course. Making films and being in cinema had never really interested Jim enough into making a career out of it, and his goal was Just to pass the easiest and most interesting course he could. So he went back to Venice Beach, his only real home he felt at that time, and slept under boardwalks and on the roof of his unknowing friends house, took loads of drugs, wrote poetry, and got really drunk lot. This was the first time he wrote his poems or songs. He would get high on LSI, and then take notes at the fantastical music concerts going on inside his head. He had drifted right into the centre of the hippie lifestyle there. One day, he met Ray Manger, an old university classmate and keyboardist in a struggling rock band. When Jim showed Ray some of his poems, and sung them out loud at his request, Ray Insisted they form a band and sing Jims poems. Ray and Jim then recruited drummer John Denser, a friend from Jims meditation class, and guitarist Robbery Krieger. At first, the four played at Rays house In his garage, whilst searching for gigs, or any chance at all to play. They got into some cheap, downtown pubs and bars, but mostly were kicked out because of loud noise or Jims suggestive gestures on stage that got the girls in the crowd excited. They got a longer set of gigs at a bar allied Whiskey a Go Go, which they kept despite getting fired by the manager at least once a week because of Jims disgusting mouth, or screaming, or his sensual gestures. Calm Ana always Eden Deescalate Walt n Milestones Gleeson Walt psychology of Greek mythology character Oedipus, who had killed his father and husbanded his mother. One night at Whiskey a Go Go, he decided to, with words of one syllable, graphically scream out repeatedly the actions of Oedipus in front of the audience. That got them fired for good this time. But now the group was a little teeter known, and they began to play at Sunset Strip nightclubs and moving on to more respectable venues to play at. The group was soon known for its wild and charismatic stage personality, and its hypnotic music, highlighted by Rays church yet eerie keyboard playing, Robbery flamenco-classical guitar, Johns Jazzy drumming and Jims deep, sensual, mysterious voice. Jim had, over time, befriended a girl who used to come watch his performances at Whiskey a Go Go, and occasionally he crashed at her place. She was working for a producing company called Elektra Records, and eventually got a contract for The Doors. They soon began working on and eventually released their first album in January 1967, titled The Doors, which immediately received universal acclaim, with Jim being the chief lyricist. Their songs ranged from ones about taking obscene amounts of drugs like Break on Through, to ones of huge personal and poetic significance like the 11-minutes one The End. The song Light My Fire became a hit for the group and projected them to no. 1 on the charts. By now, Jim had gained a public reputation for erratic and wild behavior, ND was even accused and charged for many different actions, like on December 9, 1967, Jim was arrested onstage during a concert in Connecticut for attempting to incite a riot against the police, and again in 1969, where during a concert in Miami, Jim was arrested afterwards for exposing his phallus to the audience and using profanity. When the last of his appeals for his many charges against him was denied and the possibility of Jail hanging over him, as well as his fast, stressful lifestyle, Jim decided that he was through being a rock and roll star and in 1971 he and his relined moved to Paris, where he intended to continue his literary ambitions. But, tragically life must take its toll, and on July 3, 1971, Jim Morrison was found dead in his bathtub in his apartment in Paris at the age of 27. The local police listed the cause of death as heart failure, although most assume that his heart failure drug related, and there was no autopsy. Three years later, in 1974, Jims girlfriend died in Paris from a heroin overdose. Coincidentally she too was 27 years old when she died. This is the tragic story of a hedonistic man who believed that Music is an expression f pure JOY, one who believed we are all masters of our fate and captains of our souls. But on Jim Morrison tombstone lies the words True to his destiny, and though many say he was into pure hedonism, or Just a trouble-causer, or he Just wanted to have fun and get high, I believe he expressed it truly in his own words. The most important kind of freedom is to be what you really are, and all I ever did was Just test the bounds of reality, curious to see what would happen. Thats all it ever was: Just curiosity.

Life and Work of H.L. Mencken, Writer and Social Critic

Life and Work of H.L. Mencken, Writer and Social Critic H.L. Mencken was an American author and editor who rose to prominence in the 1920s. For a time, Mencken was considered one of the sharpest observers of American life and culture. His prose contained countless quotable phrases that worked their way into the national discourse. During his lifetime, the Baltimore native was often called The Sage of Baltimore. Often regarded as a wildly controversial figure, Mencken was known for expressing strident  opinions that were difficult to categorize. He commented on political issues in a syndicated newspaper column and exerted influence on modern literature through a popular magazine he co-edited, The American Mercury. Fast Facts: H.L. Mencken Known As: The Sage of BaltimoreOccupation: Writer, editorBorn: September 12, 1880 in Baltimore, MarylandEducation: Baltimore Polytechnic Institute (high school)Died: January 29, 1956 in Baltimore, MarylandFun Fact: Ernest Hemingway made mention of Menckens influence in his novel The Sun Also Rises, in which protagonist Jake Barnes reflects, So many young men get their likes and dislikes from Mencken. Early Life and Career Henry Louis Mencken was born September 12, 1880 in Baltimore, Maryland. His grandfather, who had emigrated from Germany in the 1840s, prospered in the tobacco business. Menckens father, August, was also in the tobacco business, and young Henry grew up in a comfortable middle class home. As a child, Mencken was sent to a private school operated by a German professor. As a teen he moved on to a public high school, the Baltimore Polytechnic Institute, from which he graduated at the age of 16. His education was focused on science and mechanics, subjects that would prepare him for a career in manufacturing, Yet Mencken was far more fascinated by writing and the study of literature. He credited his love of writing to his childhood discovery of Mark Twain, and especially Twains classic novel,  Huckleberry Finn. Mencken grew into an avid reader and aspired to be a writer. His father, however, had other ideas. He wanted his son to follow him into the tobacco business, and for a few years, Mencken worked for his father. However, when Mencken was 18, his father died, and he took it as a chance to follow his ambition. He presented himself at the office of a local newspaper, The Herald, and asked for a job. He was turned down at first, but persisted and eventually landed a job writing for the paper. An energetic and quick learner, Mencken quickly rose to be the Heralds city editor and ultimately the editor. Journalism Career In 1906, Mencken moved to the Baltimore Sun, which became his professional home for most of the rest of his life. At the Sun, he was offered the chance to write his own column, titled The Freelance. As a columnist, Mencken developed a style in which he attacked what he perceived as ignorance and bombast. Much of his writing targeted what he considered mediocrity in politics and culture, often delivering cutting satire in carefully crafted essays. Mencken blasted those he considered hypocrites, which often included sanctimonious religious figures and politicians. As his scathing prose appeared in magazines nationwide, he attracted a following of readers who saw him as an honest appraiser of American society. When World War I broke out, Mencken, who was very proud of his German roots and skeptical of the British, seemed to be on the wrong side of mainstream American opinion. He was somewhat sidelined during controversies about his loyalty, especially after the United States entered the war, but his career rebounded in the 1920s. Fame and Controversy In the summer of 1925, when a Tennessee schoolteacher, John Scopes, was put on trial for teaching about the theory of evolution, Mencken traveled to Dayton, Tennessee to cover his trial. His dispatches were syndicated to newspapers around the country. The noted orator and political figure William Jennings Bryan had been brought in as a special prosecutor for the case. Mencken gleefully mocked him and his fundamentalist followers. Menckens reporting on the Scopes Trial was widely read, and citizens of the Tennessee town hosting the trial were outraged. On July 17, 1925, the New York Times published a  dispatch from Dayton  topped with the following stacked headlines: Mencken Epithets Rouse Daytons Ire, Citizens Resent Being Called Babbitts, Morons, Peasants, Hill-Billies, and Yokels, and Talk of Beating Him Up. Shortly after the conclusion of the trial, William Jennings Bryan died. Mencken, who had reviled Bryan in life, wrote a brutally shocking appraisal of him. In the essay, titled In Memoriam: W.J.B., Mencken attacked the recently departed Bryan without mercy, dismantling Bryans reputation in classic Mencken style: If the fellow was sincere, then so was P. T. Barnum. The word is disgraced and degraded by such uses. He was, in fact, a charlatan, a mountebank, a zany without sense or dignity. Menckens skewering of Bryan seemed to define his role in the America of the Roaring Twenties. Savage opinions written in elegant prose brought him fans, and his rebellion against what he saw as Puritanical ignorance inspired readers. The American Mercury While writing his syndicated newspaper column, Mencken held a second and equally demanding job as a co-editor, with his friend George Jean Nathan, of the literary magazine The American Mercury. The magazine published short fiction as well as journalism, and generally featured articles and pieces of criticism by Mencken. The magazine became known for publishing the work of major American writers of the era, including  William Faulkner,  F. Scott Fitzgerald, Sinclair Lewis, and  W.E.B. Du Bois. In 1925, an issue of The American Mercury was banned in Boston when a short story in it was deemed to be immoral. Mencken traveled to Boston and personally sold a copy of the issue to one of the censors so he could be arrested (as a crowd of college students cheered him on). He was acquitted and widely praised for his defense of freedom of the press. Mencken resigned from the editorship of the American Mercury in 1933, at a time when his political views were seen as getting more conservative and out of touch with progressive readers. Mencken expressed open contempt for  President Franklin D. Roosevelt  and endlessly mocked and condemned the programs of the  New Deal. The eloquent rebel of the 1920s had turned into a grumpy reactionary as the country suffered during the Great Depression. The American Language Mencken had always been deeply interested in the development of language, and in 1919 had published a book, The American Language, which documented how words came into use by Americans. In the 1930s, Mencken returned to his work documenting language. He encouraged readers to send him examples of words in various regions of the country, and busied himself with that research. A greatly enlarged fourth edition of  The American Language  was published in 1936. He later updated the work with supplements published as separate volumes. Menckens research on how Americans changed and used the English language is dated by now, of course, but it is still informative and often very entertaining. Memoirs and Legacy Mencken had been friendly with Harold Ross, the editor of The New Yorker, and Ross, in the 1930s, encouraged Mencken to write autobiographical essays for the magazine. In a series of articles, Mencken wrote about his childhood in Baltimore, his raucous years as a young journalist, and his adult career as an editor and columnist. The articles were eventually published as a series of three books,  Happy Days,  Newspaper Days, and  Heathen Days. In 1948 Mencken, keeping to his long tradition, covered both major party political conventions and wrote syndicated dispatches about what he had seen. Late that year he suffered a stroke from which he only partly recovered. He had difficulty speaking, and his ability to read and write had been lost. He lived quietly in his house in Baltimore, visited by friends, including William Manchester, who would write the first major biography of Mencken. He died on January 29, 1956. Though he had been out of the public eye for years, his death was  reported as front-page news  by the New York Times. In the decades since his death, Menckens legacy has been widely debated. There is no doubt he was a writer of great talent, but his display of bigoted attitudes surely diminished his reputation. Sources Mencken, H. L. Gale Contextual Encyclopedia of American Literature, vol. 3, Gale, 2009, pp. 1112-1116. Gale Virtual Reference Library.  Berner, R. Thomas. Mencken, H. L. (1880–1956). St. James Encyclopedia of Popular Culture, edited by Thomas Riggs, 2nd ed., vol. 3, St. James Press, 2013, pp. 543-545.  Henry Louis Mencken. Encyclopedia of World Biography, 2nd ed., vol. 10, Gale, 2004, pp. 481-483.  Manchester, William.  The Life and Riotous Times of H.L. Mencken. Rosetta Books, 2013.Mencken, H. L., and Alistair Cooke.  The Vintage Mencken. Vintage, 1990.

LM3 Assignment Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 2000 words

LM3 - Assignment Example The major characteristics that make it difficult to define leadership include; people from both public and private organization barely know the components of leadership whether it exist or it doesn’t. According to Denhardt, Denhardt & Aristigueta, p-189 â€Å"leadership is becoming one of the most widely debated but least clearly understood concepts† Secondly people have not yet understood that leadership has become so dynamic whereby, society has been described as â€Å"highly turbulent subject to sudden and dramatic shift† (Denhardt, Denhardt & Aristigueta, pp-189). Thirdly, people have not yet understood leadership requires corporation among all the concern parties, whereby, according to Denhardt, Denhardt & Aristigueta, pp-190, â€Å"Moreover, clients or citizens also want to participate, as well they should†. Additionally, lack some aspect of creativity and innovativeness with respect to leadership style has made it quite challenging to define leaders hip (Denhardt, Denhardt & Aristigueta, pp-190-192). This is because leadership style that may be applied in a particular organization may not be effective in another organization. Additionally, different organizations have different structures and may require different leadership styles (Denhardt, Denhardt & Aristigueta, pp-189-195). In above connection, future leadership is more of a shared process because current leadership was build based on the past leadership theories. This is according to Denhardt, Denhardt & Aristigueta, p-190 â€Å"we need to understand how leadership has been studied and practiced in the past†. Therefore, through past leadership, future leadership can have a reference point as well as a fundamental base of formulating the appropriate leadership styles to be applied in future organizations (Denhardt, Denhardt & Aristigueta, pp 189-192). However, it is important to consider that â€Å"leadership is changing in many ways, and we should be attentive to those changes† (Denhardt, Denhardt & Aristigueta, pp-190). In above connection, it can be scrutinized that, â€Å"In the past, a leader was considered the person who held a formal position of power in an organization or a society† (Denhardt, Denhardt & Aristigueta, p-190). However, through evolution of leadership, people have come to understand that leadership is a process that requires corporation and integration among all people within and outside the organization (Denhardt, Denhardt & Aristigueta, pp190-193).Additionally, leadership has taken a certain angle, whereby, decision makers should not only involve people from top management but should also involve those from lower levels of management (Denhardt, Denhardt & Aristigueta, pp 190-195).This is because when everybody is involved in decision making, people feel that they own those decision(Denhardt, Denhardt & Aristigueta, pp 190-195 2. How to our text authors define â€Å"moral imagination†? When is this t o be used? Why? What does it involve? The author has employed the concept of moral imagination to explain what moral leadership entails as well as moral issues. According to Denhardt, Denhardt & Aristigueta, pp 224-225, moral imagination entails â€Å"not just heightening attention to moral con-cerns, but rather carefully and thoughtfully understanding and evaluating

Philosophy paper Essay 2- 1500 words - Mind, Meaning and Metaphysics -

Philosophy paper 2- 1500 words - Mind, Meaning and Metaphysics - Material Provided - Essay Example As a method of treatment, psychoanalysis seeks to cure neurotic disorders and as a collection of psychological information, it accumulates all information related to the investigation of the mental processes as well as the treatment for such mental processes if applicable. Freud did most of his works in the late 19th century in Vienna. One of Sigmund Freud’s prominent works is the structural conception of the psyche wherein he divided it into two structures: the conscious and subconscious. The structural conception of the psyche by Freud is significant because this formed the basis of psychoanalysis. Freud later on, expounded on this theory and developed it into the tripartite structural division of the psyche consisting of the following: the ego which is the eyes and window to the outside world and is conscious and pre-conscious; the id which represents the basic instincts of man, which is unconscious and contains the sexual and aggressive drives of a person, and; the supereg o, is the ‘conscience’ and also the organ of repression (Sherratt 2002 p 50). The basis of Freud’s findings, theories and analysis of mental processes which led to the advancement of psychoanalysis was his works on patients suffering from hysteria. The works of Freud on the human psyche can be classified into five: the psychosexual theory of human development; the division of the psyche into the conscious and unconscious; the categories of ego and id; the theory of human development, and; the notion that psyche is composed of the life instincts and death instincts. It is the second theory of Freud on psyche which is the structural division of psyche into the conscious and the unconscious which formed the fundamental principle of psychoanalysis (Sherratt 2002 pp 50-51). Freud based his structural division of the human psyche from his observations of his patients with hysteria. He detected that individuals had motives and thought processes that they

Critical Path Essential in Project Planning Assignment

Critical Path Essential in Project Planning - Assignment Example quence of choice is very important and starting with those problems in the critical path helps reduce any delays since the critical path dictates the total project duration. The author also argues that dealing with problems in the critical path is logical since tasks tackled later only have at their disposal the resources left by tasks undertaken before them. Hence, there is need to prioritize the problems in the critical path to avoid resource deficiencies for critical tasks. Since Task B is an integral part of the critical path in the PERT chart, it takes the first priority over the C and D which are not part of the critical path. Problems in task B will cause undesirable slack times and delays in the critical path which in turn lengthens the total project time and attracts penalties. Besides the fines and penalties, longer projects usually result in more costs and thus, efforts have to be placed on correcting problems in the critical path to avoid budget strains. As already stated earlier, the critical path has limited flexibility and thus problems in the tasks involved should receive the first priority. Tasks not in the critical path are mostly flexible; hence, C and D can be corrected later without any significant impacts on the total project time and costs. The remaining problems in tasks C and D can be prioritized based on the project scheduling analysis. Here, the hierarchy of tasks in terms of which task is dependent on the other for the project to proceed according to plans will be used. Hence, the priority in solving problems in tasks C and D will be given to the task that should come prior to the other in the project schedule. According to Lester (2007), the project schedule entails time analysis and logical hierarchy, where the project management team determines which tasks require to be completed before other tasks. It consists of establishing interdependencies, time analysis and identifying the key performance indicators for the given project.

The Approaches to Environmental Ethics Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 2500 words

The Approaches to Environmental Ethics - Essay Example As it tackles the natural environment, deep ecology concerns itself with all organisms – both plants and animals – within the biosphere and promotes equality, particularly in regard to the right to live of all organisms as a fundamental value. The deep ecology approaches to environmental ethics include â€Å"self realization,† â€Å"biocentrism† or â€Å"anti-anthropocentrism† as these ecologists espouse democracy in the biosphere among all organisms within (Devall etc 1995, p67). Self-realization beyond the concept of the modern Western self or for a narrow sense of individual salvation and that it supposedly has further maturity as it goes further than the egocentric cultural assumptions, values and conventional wisdom in its treatment of the environment (Devall etc 1995, p67). The main argument of the biocentric approach, meanwhile, is that â€Å"all things in the biosphere have an equal right to live and blossom and to reach their own individual forms of unfolding and self-realization within the larger Self-realization† (Devall etc 1995, p67).

4RFUTURE Organization Assignment Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1000 words

4RFUTURE Organization - Assignment Example   In order to make students between the ages of 18-25 more aware about their impacts on resource depletion and overpopulation, we are planning to incorporate Guerilla Marketing by traveling across the U.S. to a variety of universities to speak about their effects. Our goal is to increase the number of students’ knowledge of resource depletion and overpopulation 40% across the 10 largest colleges in the U.S. over three weeks. While our budget may be low, we are thankful to the World Health Organization, and the Forest Stewardship Council, supporters in both educating people about the issue of overpopulation, and using recyclable resources. Both organizations plan to fund our trip across the nation (which includes driving in hybrid vehicle), and the cost of our thousands of flyers.   Along with using Guerilla Marketing as part of our campaign, 4RFUTURE plans to hand out plantable informational flyers in order to spread the word about our campaign. These flyers contain wild f lower, herb, or vegetable seeds that can be replanted into the earth. Furthermore, we plan to promote a paid internship program for the following year, where interns will not only be able to put that experience on their resume, but they will travel across the nation to 10 different universities with hopes of further spreading the issue of overpopulation. ... The surveys will provide us with a basis of what our target market knew before and after our presentations; ultimately adding to our research about how we can further educate our target market, or the areas in our campaign that require change. Strengths: †¢ We act on our own campaign. We recycle, we replant our flyers, and teach others how to do it. †¢ Since we are passionate about teaching our target market about their impacts on resource depletion and overpopulation, we’re traveling across the nation with funds from reliable sources, and on a cost-efficient budget. †¢ Our trip across the nation will be driven in a hybrid car to show our dedication in decreasing carbon emissions and helping the environment. †¢ We are original. Rather than using media to convey our goals and objectives, we’re using a social marketing campaign in order to interact with our target market. †¢ Part of our social marketing campaign includes a paid internship program for students interested in partaking in the same trip the following year. Weaknesses †¢ Students that throw away our flyers, and disregard our message. †¢ Students who don’t support our message. †¢ Students who think other issues are more important, and counteract our objectives. †¢ Traveling on a low budget. †¢ Limit of universities that we’re presenting to. Opportunities: †¢ No other organization is doing a campaign like ours; targeting students with a main focus on overpopulation and resource depletion. †¢ No other organizations have incorporated an internship program that will enable students to participate in the same campaign. †¢ A large market to reach, because we’re traveling across the nation! †¢ We

The Approaches to Environmental Ethics Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 2500 words

The Approaches to Environmental Ethics - Essay Example As it tackles the natural environment, deep ecology concerns itself with all organisms – both plants and animals – within the biosphere and promotes equality, particularly in regard to the right to live of all organisms as a fundamental value. The deep ecology approaches to environmental ethics include â€Å"self realization,† â€Å"biocentrism† or â€Å"anti-anthropocentrism† as these ecologists espouse democracy in the biosphere among all organisms within (Devall etc 1995, p67). Self-realization beyond the concept of the modern Western self or for a narrow sense of individual salvation and that it supposedly has further maturity as it goes further than the egocentric cultural assumptions, values and conventional wisdom in its treatment of the environment (Devall etc 1995, p67). The main argument of the biocentric approach, meanwhile, is that â€Å"all things in the biosphere have an equal right to live and blossom and to reach their own individual forms of unfolding and self-realization within the larger Self-realization† (Devall etc 1995, p67).

THE bcci, bank of credit comerce, white collar crime Essay

THE bcci, bank of credit comerce, white collar crime - Essay Example But, success was not the only step for BCCI’s fate. Price Waterhouse was asked to carry inquiry in March, 1991. It was 24th June, 1991 when they submitted the Sandstorm Report to Bank of England stating that BCCI had engaged in fraud case. Main capital base to BCCI were virtual oil-rich Arab leaders who acted to be the investor but, in reality they were working as nominees. Bank since its beginning attracted people to deposit their funds by pretending that they have more capital which in reality was not true. It used to use the deposits in order to meet the expenses. Even it forced its own shareholders to participate in this drama. Major actions that resulted into frauds by BCCI were enlisted by New York District Attorney. According to them the important points are: Middle East personalities included their names and funds to BCCI as an investor which in effect turned to be flaw because their funding was based on guaranteed no-risk return instead of actual sponsor at risk. After getting the request from Bank of England, Price Waterhouse presented its report on BCCI known as Sandstorm Report. As per the report, BCCI committed several mistakes and did many unofficial activities that are out of one company’s ethics. Price Waterhouse persons collected records from banks of various countries, reviewed them and interviewed in some cases, finally formed one draft keeping all key points there. During their scrutiny they found that BCCI did not record $600 million of BCCI’s deposit. It first knocked the Price Waterhouse audit persons. Among the other types of frauds described by audit include: manipulation of their account at the time of non-performing loan, fabricated profit, hidden losses, setting up of untrue loans for repurchasing shares, cheating of deposits, unreal transactions and charges, showing nominees as capitalists, illegal repurchasing platform for shareholders, bad investment,

Sociology of the Family Course Notes Essay Example for Free

Sociology of the Family Course Notes Essay Indirectly they choose who wil form their child’s friend groups (neighborhood choice). Marital status, sex, sexual orientation, and age of parents shape a child. Parenthood convential order at home, gender division of paid and unpaid—daddy works at home, and mommy goes to work—shows child that’s normalcy, could be different gender of labour somewhere else. Gender specific roles due to life situation of that family Affects children (institutions) -schools, media, churches, peer groups, day care, extra curricular programs. -Siblings- more egalitarian and equal to their peer relationship. Unlike peer relationships, the sibling is inscribed, not optimal, â€Å"stuck with family,† older siblings socialize younger siblings—positivewanting to ride a bike, sharing, communication, attitudes between safe sex, positive relationships, important identity, being strong person, when not to and when to get involved in situations negative—how to use makeup, smoking and drinking, young child figures out how to manipulate parents by watching older siblings, teach skills, attitudes, delinquency and aggressive behaviour, need to know when to stand up to their rights and when to give in peer group- once children start day care and school, peers become huge part of their life, parents have power over peers when young, but control is less when children grow up as parents cannot be with them constantly, peer elatipnship being negative, peers having negative affects on children (deliquent behaviour—drinking with peers and blame behaviour that children taking part in), friends affect childrens desirers of consumers, what the leader of the group wants, everyone has to have, children gravitate to those with similar interests—try on several different peer groups and then finally feel comfortable with similar likes, learning to conform to group culture, what is acceptable and what is not, peers can act more like a family than those at home, can be closer than blood bonds, peers can also create a dose of reality for those children that are a centre of reality for their parents lives Educational system—children learn to act around authority, introduced to many new groups, impact that school has, ie learning a different language, can than have an affect on other family members, formation of gender identities through the curriculum of culture, each school has its own gender regime—masculine and feminine characteristics—ie boys are athletic, strength, power, and others are arts schools, music cultures, etc. that stress certain masculine and feminine traits Religion-attendance in church is falling in the ages of 25-44 age group, adults are not exposing their children to particular formal/organized religious venues on a regular basis, most kids unaware of Sunday school, fellowship, religion had more social impact 50 years ago than today, spirituality has gone up, but doesn’t mean they are religious Media-can display media right away through all electronics, many more electronics today, benefits—news, can see what is going on around the world, broader overview of what is going on, more social awareness through media, more multicultural issues, strong women on tv—dora the explorer, ellen degeneres, judge judy, oprah, the good wife (lawyer), Emily md, modern family, will and grace negatives—cyber bullying, gender roles, racism, sexism, ageism, portraying women as sexual objects and victims of violence, agreesiveness and unhealthy relationships, tv violence raises aggression between young boys, experiencing violence in the home will produce aggressive deliquent behaviour, heavy viewing of tv can also interfere with school performance *reading, Ideologies of Parenthood medicalization of child-rearing-mothers were expected to rely on science and experts in the field of parenthood, scientific management of children in the beginning of this century, everything very routine and systematic scientific paradigm -the ideology of intensive mothering—- after ww2 intensive mothering became an accepted belief system, childrearing should be child centred, labour intensive, financially expensive, still taking advice from experts, -expansion of educational material ‘new’ brain science-no changing a child’s brain, once it is wired, that is the way the chld will be, critics charge that little evidence to prove this to be the case in the first 5 years, it is helpful but won’t detriment them if the mother isn’t completely nurturing them -parenting became medicalized, how to raise their children good mother/bad mother discourse—mothers are blamed for children’s bad experiences, socially created categories, cannot always take ownership of others actions—if child hits, do people think you hit at home, as long as child is adjusted, parenting style is working -responsive or attachment parenting, Alicia silversteen, the goal is to form and nurture a strong connection between parent and child, co-sleeping with the child until puberty hits (until 6 or 7 years old), unscheduled styles of homework, no routine for homework, diaperless poty training, not inflicting a regid routine on a child, the child will dictate to you when they are ready to do certain things blossom—son in sling up until age of 5 and poty training was diaperless for first little bit, and co-sleeping stil at 4 and 7 (7 b’s of attachment syndrome—askdrsears) Parenting Styles -4 socialization styles -authoritarian—maximize control, regid rules and standards of behiavour, don’t like to be challenged, emphasize respect for authority, powers and threats, not a lot of autonomy and individualism expressed by child, if rule broken, severe discipline and violent, low self-esteem, dependent, high delinquency or rebellion, lack of respect for peers indifferent uninvolved arenting-uninvolved st yle, parents barely involved in family life, parents are parents centred rather than child centred, encourage child to stay at a distance, less interaction with child the better, consequences for child have attachment issues, have a void of family, look elsewhere and have attachment issues with peers, low self esteem, difficulty forming relationships, trust issues , authoritative-gold standard—to put boundaries on acceptable behaviour with warm and accepting context, based on firm consistent control with age appropriate demands, and encourage independence, encourage child to foster problem solving and autonomous decision making, controls their behaviour moderately—if break rule won’t get yelled at but with be dealt with appropriately, parent interaction—affection, give and take, not all about power dymanics of parent in control but child has expectations assumed for them. Characteristics of child—high levels of self esteem, show empathy and nurturi ng side, permissive-minimize any control, parent not heavily involved, parents don’t expect a lot from their children, when disciplining have tactics of reasoning—more friend to friend relationship, few parental constraints, parents approve child to do what they want, consequences for children-no respect for rules, push limits and very independent Home leaving and boomerang kids (clustered nest, revolving door, ful nest syndrome)—adults live in their parents home -what is the boomerang generation—1/4 of parents that live with adult children were living with boomerang kid, child may have a different consequence for a child parent who had never left the home, parents more likely to express frustration because kids take up their time and more resources, financial burden, mothers return to their second shift, washing their clothes, doing dishes, marital balance is off because another adult living in house, power dynamics and structures changes, happiness decreases for parents -parents willing to accept 1 or 2 back home but does diminish marital status, 3 and 4 times home is uncommon -no job right out of school, tuition too high must live at home, want to save money to get married or a mortgage on a house, financially struggling **two articles at end of slides, will be on final exam—essay question like for midt erm

Economic thought from ancient societies

Economic thought from ancient societies INTRODUCTION The oriental school of economic thought basically deals with the study of the origin of economic thought from various ancient societies including the Hindu, Hebrew, Indian, Roman, Greek, and Islamic societies. It has been observed that the main area looked into by the Hebrews and Hindus was based on agricultural economics and all this information was drawn from the writing of the pious law givers who were present at the time. These ancient writings consisted of ideas on various economic aspects such as: division of labour, cottage industries, forest and mines, trade and trading practices, concept of wealth, transport, banking and loans, etc. Some of the writers who also played a role in the development of this economic thought include Roman writers such as Cicero, Pliny Gato, Varro and Columella. During this period, and until the industrial revolution, economics was not a separate discipline but part of philosophy. Its evolution into a distinct discipline of study in the social sciences can be attributed greatly to these early writers. Roman law also developed the contract recognizing that planning and commitments over time are necessary for efficient production and trade. This large body of law was unified as the Corpus Juris Civilis in the 530s AD by Justinian, who was Emperor of the Eastern Roman Empire. In Ancient India, Chulavamsa records that Parakramabahu of Sri Lanka had debased the currency of Ancient Sri Lanka in order to produce money to support this large scale infrastructure projects. Parakramabahu also pioneered free trade during his reign. Many of the topics discussed during these ancient times are still prevalent in modern economics, including discussions on the management of a solid and efficient economy and the ethics of economics. These ancient thoughts als o focused on issues of welfare, for instance, redistribution of wealth during a famine. STATEMENT OF THE PROBLEM Ancient economic thought is very much wide and its study provides a broad basis for comparison of the ancient approach to economic issues as compared to issues arising in the modern world economies. The large number of ancient thinkers who contributed to this thought differed in beliefs and practices. Also, information on some of these ancient cultural-economic practices is very scanty and thus makes this enquiry into the oriental school of economic thought necessary so as to be able to get a better understanding of the underlying economic issues of both the past and present. JUSTIFICATION With the evolution of economics, many writers have come up with different theories about different areas in the subject. So as to be able to critically assess these different theories and understand the unity which connects us with the ancient times, knowledge on the origin of the early stages of economic thought is necessary for one to be able to take a well informed and unbiased stand on contentious economic issues arising today and hence the need for this study. OBJECTIVES OF THE STUDY To understand the principles and concepts of the oriental school of economic thought. To know the key contributors of ancient economic thought. To evaluate and criticize how the ancient societies carried out their economic activities. To find out the major contributions of the oriental school of thought to the body of knowledge that exists today. To get a clearer understanding of the position of economics as a distinct member of a group of social sciences. Ancient near East Economic organizations in the earliest civilizations of the Fertile Crescent were driven by the need to efficiently grow crops in the river basins. The Euphrates and Nile Valleys were homes to earliest examples of codified measurements written in base 60 and Egyptian fractions. Keepers of royal granaries and absentee Egyptian land owners reported in the Heganakht Papyri. Historians of this period note that the major tool of accounting for agrarian societies, the sales used to measure grain inventory, reflected dual religious and ethical symbolic meaning. The Erlenmeyer tablets give a picture of Sumerian production in the Euphrates valley around 2, 200 2, 100 B.C., and shows an understanding of the relationship between grain and labour inputs (valued in female labour days) and outputs and an emphasis on efficiency. Egyptians measured work output in man-days. The development of sophisticated economic administration continued in the Euphrates and Nile Valleys during the Babylonian Empi re and Egyptian Empires when trading units spread through the Near East within monetary systems. Egyptian fraction and base 60 monetary units were extended in use and diversity to Greek, early Islamic culture, and medieval cultures. By 1202 A.D, Leonardo Pisa Fibonacci use of zero and Vedic-Islamic numerals motivated Europeans to apply zero as an exponent, birthing modern decimals 350 years later. The city states of Sumer developed a trade market economy based originally on the commodity money of the shekel which was a certain weight measure of barley, while the Babylonians and their city state neighbours later developed the earliest system of economics using a metric of various commodities, which was fixed in a legal code. The early law codes from Sumer could be considered the first (written) economic formula, and had many attributes still in use in the current price system today, such as codified amounts of money for business deals (interest rates), fines in money for wrong doing, inheritance rules, laws concerning how private property is to be taxed or divided, etc. Ancient Greco-Roman world Some prominent classical scholars assert that relevant economic thought was based on metaphysical principles which are incommensurate with contemporary dominant economic theories such as neo-classical economics. However, several ancient Greek and Roman thinkers made various economic observations especially Aristotle and Xenophon. Many other Greek writings show understanding of sophisticated economic concepts. For instance, a form of Greshams law is presented in Aristophanes Frogs, and beyond Platos application of sophisticated mathematical advances influenced by the Pythagoreans in his appreciation of flat money in his Laws: (742 a-b) and in the pseudo-Platonic dialogue, Eryxlas. Bryson of Heraclea was a neo-platonic who is cited as having heavily influenced early Muslim economic scholarship. The influence of Babylonian and Persian thought on Greek administrative economics is present in the work of Greek historian Xenophon. Discussions of economic principles are especially present in his Oeconomicus, his biography of Cyrus the Great, Cyropaedia, Hiero and Ways and Means. Hiero is a minor work which includes discussion of leaders stimulating private production and technology through various means including public recognition and awarding of prizes. Ways and Means is a short treatise on economic development, and showed an understanding of the importance of taking advantage of economies of scale and advocated laws promoting foreign merchants. The Oeconomicus disc uses the administration of agricultural land. In the work, subjective personal value of goods is analyzed and compared with exchange value; Xenophon gives an example of a horse which may be of no use to a person who does not know how to handle it, but still has exchange value. In Cyropaedia, Xenophon presents what in hindsight can be seen as the foundation for a theory of fair exchange in the market which will result in the analysis of better fit or suitability to either party who wants to purchase the same item. Xenophon discusses the concept of division of labour, referencing specialized cooks and workers in a shoe making shop. Marx attributes to Cyropaedia the idea that the division of labour correlates to the size of a market. Roman law developed the contract recognizing that planning and commitments over time are necessary for efficient production and trade. Ancient India Chulavamsa records that Parakramabahu I of Sri Lanka had debased the currency of Ancient Sri Lanka in order to produce monies to support his large scale infrastructure projects. Parakramabahu I also pioneered free trade during his reign, a war was fought with Burma to defend free trade. Chanakya (c. 350 BC 275 BC) considered economic issues. He was a professor of Political Science at the Takshashila University of Ancient India, and later the Prime Minister of the Mauryan Emperor, Chandragupta Maurya. He wrote the Arthashastra (science of material gain). Many of the topics discussed in the Arthashastra are still prevalent in modern economics, including its discussions in the management of an efficient and solid economy. Chanakya also focuses on issues of welfare, for instance, redistribution of wealth during a famine and the collective ethics that hold a society together. The Arthashastra argues for an autocracy managing an efficient or solid economy. The qualities described are in effect that of a command economy. It discusses the ethics of economics and the duties and obligations of a king. Chanakya writes on the economic duties of a king: The king shall be ever active in the management of the economy. The root of wealth is economic activity and lack of it brings material distress. In the absence of fruitful economic activity, both current prosperity and future growth will be destroyed. A king can achieve the desired objectives and abundance of riches by undertaking productive economic activity. Ancient China Ideal and effective economic policy was long sort for in ancient China, one of the greatest early reformers being the Emperor Qin Shi Huang (r. 221 BC 210 BC), who standardized coin currency throughout the old warring states once he unified them under a strong central bureaucracy (which the Zhou dynasty had always lacked). However, one of the greatest reformists in China lived during the medieval Song dynasty (960 1279 AD), that being Chancellor Wang Anshi (1021 1086 AD). Wang Anshis political faction of the New Policies Group enacted a series of reforms that centered on military reform, bureaucratic reform and economic reform. The economic reforms included low cost loans for farmers who he considered the backbone of the Chinese economy in terms of production of goods and the greatest source of the land tax. Replacing the corvee labour service with a tax instead, he enacted government monopolies on crucial industries producing tea, salt, and wine, introduction of local militia to ease the budget spending on the official standing army of one million troops and the establishment of a Finance Planning Commission staffed largely by political loyalists so that his reforms could pass quickly with less time for conservatives to oppose it in court. Medieval Islamic World To some degree, the early Muslims based their economic analyses on the Quran (such as the opposition of riba, interest) and from Sunnah, the sayings and doings of Muhammad. Early Muslim thinkers, Al-Ghazali (1058 1111 A.D.) classified economics as one of the sciences connected with religion, along with metaphysics, ethics and psychology. Authors have noted, however, that this connection has not caused early Muslim economic thought to remain static. Persian philosopher Nasir al-Din-al-Tusi (1201 1274) presents an early definition of economics (what he calls Hekmat-e-madani, the science of city life) in discourse three of his ethics: the study of universal laws governing the public interest welfare: in so far as they are directed, through cooperation, toward the optimal (i.e. perfection). Many scholars trace the history of economic thought through the Muslim world, which was in a Golden Age from the 8th to 13th century and whose philosophy continued the work of the Greek Hellenistic thinkers and came to influence Aquinas when Europe rediscovered Greek philosophy through Arabic translation. A common theme among these scholars was the praise of economic activity and even self-interested accumulation of wealth. The influence of earlier Greek and Hellenistic thought on the Muslim world began largely when Abbasid Caliph al-Mamun, who sponsored the translation of Greek texts into Arabic in the 9th century by Syrian Christians in Baghdad. But already by that time numerous Muslim scholars had written on economic issues, and early Muslim leaders had shown sophisticated attempts to enforce fiscal and monetary financing, use of deficit financing, use of taxes to encourage production, use of credit instruments for banking, including rudimentary savings and checking of accounts, a nd contract law. The origins of capitalism and free markets can be traced back to Caliphate where the first market economy and earliest form of merchant capitalism took root between the 8th and 12th centuries, which some refer to as Islamic capitalism. A vigorous monetary economy was created on the basis of expanding levels of circulation of a stable high-value currency (the dinar) and the integration of monetary areas that were previously independent. Innovative new business techniques and forms of business organizations were introduced by economists, merchants and traders during this time. Such innovations included the earliest trading companies, credit cards, big businesses, contracts, bills of exchange, long distance, international trade, the first forms of partnerships and the earliest forms of credit, debt, profit, loss, capital (al-mal), capital accumulation (nama-al-mal), circulating capital, capital expenditure, revenue, cheques, promissory notes, trusts, startup companies, savings accounts, transactional accounts, pawning, loaning, exchange rates, bankers, money changers, ledgers, deposits, assignments, the double entry bookkeeping system, and lawsuits. MAIN FINDINGS After going through the history of the oriental school of thought in the previous section, the following economic aspects come out clearly as having been discovered and practiced by these early thinkers: The Concept of Production and Technology Ancient leaders stimulated private production and technology through various means including public recognition and awarding of prizes to successful inventors and producers. Economies of Scale Ways and Means was a short treatise on economic development written by Xenophon, which showed an understanding of the importance of taking advantage of economies of scale in production activity and advocated for laws promoting foreign merchants. Administration of Agricultural Land Agriculture was considered the most dignified occupation. In ancient India, the state took a leading part in developing agriculture and also demanded a fixed share of the gross produce. Price system The early law codes from Sumer were the first (written) economic formula, and had many attributes still in use in the current price system today, such as codified amounts of money for business deals (interest rates), fines in money for wrong doing, inheritance rules, laws concerning how private property is to be taxed or divided, etc. Grain and Labour Inputs Relationship The Erlenmeyer tablets gave a picture of Sumerian production in the Euphrates valley around 2, 200 2, 100 B.C., and showed an understanding of the relationship between grain and labour inputs (valued in female labour days) and outputs and an emphasis on efficiency in production. Output of Work The Egyptians measured work output in man-days. Monetary Units The Egyptian fraction and base 60 monetary units were extended in use and diversity to Greek, early Islamic culture, and medieval cultures. By 1202 A.D, Leonardo Pisa Fibonacci use of zero and Vedic-Islamic numerals motivated Europeans to apply zero as an exponent, birthing modern decimals 350 years later and hence the development of monetary units. Value Subjective personal value of goods was analyzed and compared with exchange value. Xenophon gave an example of a horse which may be of no use to a person who does not know how to handle it, but still has exchange value. Theory of Fair Exchange Xenophon presented what in hindsight could be seen as the foundation of a theory of fair exchange in the market which will result in the analysis of better fit or suitability to either party who wants to purchase the same item. Division of Labour Xenophon discussed the concept of division of labour, with reference to specialized cooks and workers in a shoe making shop who specialised in different tasks. Free Trade Parakramabahu I pioneered free trade during his reign, this is evident because a war was fought with Burma to defend free trade in ancient India. Welfare In India the leaders insisted on ensuring that the population as a whole has to be well looked after. For example, Chanakya focused on issues of welfare, for instance, redistribution of wealth during a famine and the collective ethics that held a society together. Standardized Coin Currency Emperor Qin Shi Huang of Ancient China, standardized coin currency throughout the old warring states after he unified them under a strong central bureaucracy. Low Cost Loans For Farmers In Ancient China Wang Anshis political faction of the New Policies Group enacted a series of reforms that centered on military reform, bureaucratic reform and economic reform. The economic reforms included low cost loans for farmers whom he considered to be the backbone of the Chinese economy in terms of production of goods and the greatest source of the land tax. Land Tax This was a source of revenue for the Ancient Chinese government from farmers, because during that period agriculture was the main driver of the economy. Fiscal and Monetary Financing The Muslim leaders enforced various policy measures including fiscal and monetary financing, use of deficit financing, use of taxes to encourage production and use of credit instruments for banking. Banking The early Muslim leaders had shown sophisticated attempts indlucing rudimentary savings and checking accounts, and contract law. Monetary Economy Between the 8th and 12th centuries, which some refer to as the period of Islamic capitalism, a vigorous monetary economy was created on the basis of expanding levels of circulation of a stable high-value currency (the dinar) and the integration of monetary areas that were previously independent of each other. SUGGESTIONS The social organization manifested by the ancient civilizations should be critically looked at and applied to solve some socioeconomic problems still present today, especially in the developing nations. The organization of government and formulation of policies during the ancient times leaves a lot to be admired. Governments of the modern economies should pick some of these values. The concept of politics being looked at separately from economics and policy formulation should be followed in todays modern economies for faster development and equality in the distribution of wealth. Welfare economics should be taken as seriously as it was taken in ancient times. For example, during periods of drought or famine, governments should not let particular groups of people suffer and instead they should distribute the available resources to the entire population. CONCLUSION Theres no question or doubt as to whether ancient economic philosophies are still in extensive use today. The modern economy has evolved over centuries to become what it is today. The study of the history of economic thought enables the student to appreciate the contributions various writers have made to development of economics as a discipline. Although ancient economic theories were sometimes unclear, contradictory, or presented in a rudimentary manner, they form the basis of economic analysis today. These theories are still being used today by the worlds largest and most complicated and sophisticated economies. BIBLIPGRAPHY Falgas, Matthew E.; Zarkadoulia, A. Effie, (2006). Arab Science in the Golden Age (750-1258) and Today. The FASEB Journal 20(10): 1581-1586. Hosseini, S. Hamid (2003). Contributions of Medieval Muslim Scholars to the History of Economic Thought and their Impact: A Refutation of the Schumpeterian Great Gap. S. Lowry (2003). Ancient Medieval Economics. In Biddle, Jeff E.; Davis, Jon B.; Samuels, Warren J.A Companion to the History of Economic Thought. Malden, MA: Blackwell pp. 11-27. Schumpeter, Joseph (1954). History of Economic Analysis. New York, Oxford University Press.

Kenneth Baranagh?s ?Henry V? :: essays research papers

Kenneth Baranagh’s â€Å"Henry V† Kenneth Branagh’s â€Å"Henry V† was a confusing fast paced movie modeled after William Shakespeare’s â€Å"Henry V.† Shakespeare’s writings enveloped one’s senses captivating their attention urging them to read on. Branagh’s version dragged the viewer on to the next scene without having a complete understanding of what was occurring in the movie.   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  The movie centered on the war between the English and the French. The French believed they would have no problem dominating over the English. King Henry (Kenneth Branagh), the leader of the English, is mocked and not taken seriously due to his past. Even more so the king now has something to prove. Hal Hinson hit it right on the nose when he said, â€Å"Harry is straight-faced and devout and determined, a man with something to prove.† The movie does show the power of speech as Henry encourages his troops leading them to victory at the Battle of Agincourt, which I enjoyed very much.  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   Much of the spoken text was difficult to understand either because the actors were speaking to quickly, or because the music got in the way. I agree with Robert Ebert when he described the same problem I encountered as, â€Å"distractingly intrusive music, which only gets in the way of the words.† The narrator did however help a little with the confusion. The characters in this movie were easily confused due to the fact that so many of them look alike. With so many characters in this play one would hope they would be easily distinguished. The exception to this being King Henry played by Kenneth Branagh. 2 Branagh did a wonderful job representing King Henry V. Many of Henry’s monologues are expressed extremely well. The two best being the two most famous, the monologue that got his enemies to surrender as he painted such a horrific picture of war, and the monologue he spoke to his troops for inspiration on St. Crispian’s Day. I enjoyed the last scene of the movie where Henry is shown wooing the princess of France, Kate, and think it was a great ending. I believe it was a touching scene with a little humor added because of the language and culture barriers between the two.

Lorex Pharmaceuticals

The Case: Lorex Pharmaceuticals has come up with a new product, Litanol. This medicine seems to have a high potential which is developed for the treatment of high blood pressure. Company has come up with a manufacturing line and production is supposed to be begin next Monday. Following points are considered while analyzing the case: 1. The marketing team has decided to sell Litanol in sealed 10-ounce bottles, packaged in cases of 12 bottles each with a wholesale price of $186 per case. 2.The production capacity is 1000 bottles per case but due to certain unavoidable reasons, Lorex is producing Litanol at an average of 500 cases over an eight-hour shift. 3. The entire line was operated by two employees who are paid $12. 80 per hour. 4. Other charges include $89. 50 per hour for overhead and filling $1. 10 per bottle. 5. Bottles filled with less than 10 ounce are rejected and sold for 80% of normal price. 6. Attendants for secondary packaging are paid $8. 50 per hour. 7. A sample of fi lling process and test results is given in exhibit 2, with target of 10. fluid ounces. 8. The cost details from exhibit 1 are used to guesstimate for cost of other predicted samples (10. 3, 10. 4, 10. 5 and 10. 6 ounce samples). The issue: Recently, there was a case of clogging of storage area for underfilled bottles due to unexpected under filling. This was apparently because of one standard deviation allowed above required amount of 10 ounce. Alternatives: 1. We can revise the filling target from 10. 2 to reduce the no of under filled bottles without compromising on the gross margins. Various filling targets have been worked out on the next page 2.We can speculate the no of under filled bottles by studying the probability of occurrence of under filling for a period. Accordingly the storage area evacuation may be scheduled to avoid clogging Analysis: Lets assume the standard deviation to be same (0. 16) for all filling targets. This is justified because Std Dev measures the inaccur acy level of the filling machine which will remain same regardless of the filling targets. Below is the analysis and calculation showing different gross margins for different filling targets.

Will Moller Analysis

A Rhetorical Analysis of Will Moller’s â€Å"Those Who Live in Glass Houses† Cheating, in all forms, is considered deceitful and wrong. However, people still do it hoping the end result is an A on an exam or a better performance, in an athlete’s case. Cheating in itself is like an addiction and follows a domino effect. Once one athlete decides to use steroids, others follow in their footsteps hoping to perform at a higher level. There have always been several athletes who choose to cheat for their own benefit and personal glory.As a result, those athletes are looked down upon for cheating the game and the fans. Nonetheless, people fail to understand the outside factors that influence great athletes such as Barry Bonds and Ben Johnson to use performance enhancing drugs. In his May 5, 2009 article â€Å"Those Who Live in Glass Houses† Will Moller, blog writer for The Yankees $, argues that that performance-enhancing drugs should be permissible because the ma jority of good professional baseball players are forced to take steroids and such, as a result of baseball fans placing players on a pedestal to perform beyond their capacity.Moller makes a good point that fans have some responsibility for athletes cheating because of the pressure fans place on them to perform at an enormously high level; however, there are other responsible parties as well, including coaches, players, and the NCAA drug policy system as a whole. One of the primary reasons for athletes using performance-enhancing drugs is because of the fans animalistic desire for great entertainment. This actually causes athletes to want to perform at the highest level possible and stand out as great icons to the fans.To support his implication, Moller uses the pathos appeal, as he presents an analogy, of his personal experience as a student who was forced to use Ritalin because he struggled with the rigorous and competitive academic work assigned to him. Moller’s reaction to his choice was that he â€Å"did what [he] felt [he] needed to do, to accomplish the goal that was demanded† from him, despite understanding the â€Å"serious side effects, magnifying [his] senses in a very negative way. Nonetheless, academic success outweighed the bad side effects.Similarly, college and professional athletes are placed on a pedestal that urges them to accomplish success, win championships, and set unbreakable records. He also appeals to reasoning by recognizing that athletes should not be severely misjudged as cheaters for using performance enhancing drug use because they wish to perform better for their fans. There are other outside factors that also pressure players to cheat. Coaches’ extreme pressure towards their players to perform at a high level indirectly encourages athletes to use steroids and develop more strength.Notre Dame coach Lou Holtz was believed to be a primary cause for his players using anabolic steroids during the late 1980â€⠄¢s and early 1990’s. Steve Huffman, a former linebacker, claimed coach Holtz â€Å"put [him] in this situation† because he once criticized the injured star during a team speech by stating that Huffman â€Å"let everybody in this room down if [he] quit. † In addition, Holtz threatened to rescind Huffman’s scholarship and showed no remorse or care for Huffman and the rest of the players during the losing season. Coaches who exert a strong mental toughness are perceived as good leaders who may lead their team to overall success.However, fans and the media do not recognize that tough love can have a burden on players, physically and emotionally. A coach, who constantly scolds players instead of guiding them, is tortuously leading players to use performance-enhancing drugs in hope of easing the burden and accomplishing what everyone around them selfishly wants. Coach Holtz practiced such coaching methods and as a result, school officials admitted that during the 1986 season five players tested positive for anabolic steroid use. Aside from coaches, the weak NCAA drug policy system also influences players to cheat.The use of performance-enhancing drugs is undeniably much more prevalent than it is generally acknowledged to be because of the weak policy regulations. Welch Suggs, an American collegiate sportswriter for The Chronicle of Higher Education, claims steroid use is rampant among college-level players. A senate panel spoke to a former college football athlete, who choose to remain anonymous, claimed that despite gaining twenty pounds and dropping his 40-yard dash time to 4. 5 seconds, his coaches urged him and many other players to gain even more weight and become stronger.People may be asking themselves how players are able to avoid the NCAA random drug policy tests. The former college football star argues that â€Å"the policy is weak, however, and fairly predictable, with the drug tests falling in roughly the same period of time every year† (Suggs). The weak enforcement gives athletes a greater motivation to begin using performance-enhancing drugs. Don Catlin, a professor of molecular and medical pharmacology at UCLA, oversees and examines drug testing for the NCAA and believes it is not â€Å"aggressive enough, but that’s society and the mind-set. The dollars just aren’t there† (Suggs).Fans, coaches, the NCAA, and society as a whole are responsible for encouraging cheating and drug use. People are not taking the matter seriously and as a result, steroids and other drugs are easily available for athletes to purchase online, in the streets, or maybe even from their coaches. In fact, Charles Grassley, the former Iowa Republican chairman of the caucus, showed the NCAA senate panel online auctions on eBay for Winstrol and Dianabol, which are commonly prescribed steroids. Ultimately, the fact that drug testing policies are so weak is practically asking players to use performance-enhan cing drugs and cheat the game.Fans, coaches, and the weak NCAA drug policy may influence players to use steroids, but the ultimate decision is left to the athlete. Just as everyone is responsible for their choices, players must decide whether they wish to cheat, just as Moller had. The option to cheat in academics or sports is easily available, despite most people not realizing it. In a March 1st, 2010 blog in Sports Illustrated, â€Å"Cheating and CHEATING† writer Joe Posnanski argues that the beautiful game of baseball and other sports has always existed, despite people claiming that it has not or that baseball has become corrupt due to steroid and amphetamine use.He begins by introducing author Pete Hamill, a novelist, who believes that the game of baseball was at its finest, prior to performance enhancing drug use. To develop his argument, Posnanski concedes to the opposition first by praising Pete Hamill’s romantic novels and later criticizes Hamill’s willf ul self-deception by naively believing that drug use is not common in America and American baseball, as a means of cheating. Posnanski understand that baseball like all other sports â€Å"was never innocent, that America was never innocent, that innocence itself was never innocent† (Posnanski).Posnanski concedes first to show his respect by demonstrating his own character. In doing this, he is able to highlight the significant accomplishments in baseball history that have occurred due to amphetamine usage. In addition, Posnanski claims that steroids are much more readily available today than in the past. But cheating has always existed, in all forms. The fans, the coaches, and the NCAA itself are all responsible for willful self-deception as well, for having influenced players to begin using performance-enhancing drugs but believing steroid use is not rampant in college-level and professional sports.Fans are not entirely responsible for athletes cheating in college-level and professional sports. However they are one of many factors that contribute to players using performance-enhancing drugs. Athletes, fans, coaches, and the weak NCAA dug policy and enforcement may all determine an athlete’s choice to cheat; however, the players themselves must be accountable for their choices. Illicit drug use has negative side effects that can be harmful to athletes. But the desire to perform at a high level, break scoring records, win games, and championships is an always tempting just as it is to get an A on an exam.Works Cited Huffman, Steve. â€Å"I Deserve My Turn. † Sports Illustrated. Time Inc. , 27 Aug. 1990. Web. 14 Nov. 2012 Moller, Will. â€Å"Those Who Live in Glass Houses. † The Yankees $. N. p. , 5 May, 2009. Web. 14 Nov. 2012 Posnanski, Joe. â€Å"Cheating and CHEATING. † Sports Illustrated. Time Inc. , 1 Mar. 2010. Web. 14 Nov. 2012 Suggs, Welch. â€Å"Steroids Are Rampant Among College Athletes, a Senate Panel Is Told. â⠂¬  The Chronicle of Higher Education. 50. 46 (2004): A33. ProQuest. Web. 14 Nov. 2012

The advent of globalization has brought significant changes

The advent of globalization has brought significant changes in the market trends in the automobile industry. As the automobile industry is currently suffering from slumps due to the rising prices, taxes, competition and the oil price hikes, it is important to define what the car manufacturers are doing to alleviate the effects of these various changes. One important aspect that the automobile manufacturers are doing is to follow Japanese models of buyer-supplier relations that have been proven to sustain the hindrances that are involved in venturing the global market.Upon realizing this, US car manufacturers are incorporating these models and are now slowly gaining pace in the global market. In addition, the issue of car prices has also affected some car manufacturers as they joined the tough competition in the global market. The factors that affect these car prices should also be given emphasis as these involve the bigger picture of sustaining their business in the long run. Thus, g lobalization had pushed the automobile industry to improve on these aspects.With improved buyer-supplier relations and competitive car prices, the automobile companies should continue to strive in enhancing future research on these two aspects to develop the competitive advantage they need in the global market. Factors Affecting Economics of the Globalizing Automobile Industry With the current market trends around the world, the automobile industry has suffered slumps due to the rising prices, taxes, competition and most of all, the recent skyrocketing oil price hikes.As the modern global automotive industry traverses the paths of principal manufacturers, Ford, General Motors, Honda, Volkswagen, Toyota and Daimler-Chrysler, which all operate in a global competitive marketplace, it is seen that there’s still much hope to alleviate economic conditions that affect them. It is suggested that the globalization of the automotive industry, has greatly accelerated during the last hal f of the 1990's due to the construction of important overseas facilities and establishment of mergers between giant multinational automakers (Hiroaka, 2001).And, there’s no reason that they could repeat that achievement. Globalization and the current mergers in the automobile industry has been correlated with today's controversies over high petrol prices and fuel-guzzling SUVs in the huge American market. According to The Economist (September 8, 2005), this picture of the automobile industry only offers a partial detail of what future holds for industry as a whole:It may well be fully mature in markets such as North America, Europe and Japan, where over-capacity continues to sap profitability. But globally the industry is set for huge expansion with the motorisation of China and India. Within a few years China will replace Japan as the second-largest national market after America. Some experts predict that over the next 20 years more cars will be made than in the entire 110-y ear history of the industry.In the same report, Garel Rhys, director of the Centre for Automotive Industry Research at Cardiff University in Britain, enlightened that this growth will create the need for 180 new factories, each producing 300,000 cars (and light trucks) a year—in effect, almost doubling the production capacity of the global industry to over 110m units annually. Thus, today's car plants will need to be â€Å"renewed, retooled, refurbished and replaced to remain competitive. There is nowhere for the inefficient to hide. †According to Takayasu and Mori (2002), the automobile manufacturing is an industry in which it is difficult to achieve optimized procurement, production and sales on a global scale. However, major assemblers began to form strategic partnerships based on capital relationships in the period from 1998 to 1999, and since then there has been an accelerating trend toward the creation of structures that allow manufacturers to supply a diverse ra nge of vehicles tailored to consumer needs in markets throughout the world.